Secrets of Copper Metabolism

Metabolizing copper correctly and preventing its buildup in the body involves several key steps and mechanisms:

1. Dietary Intake: The first step is consuming copper in appropriate amounts through the diet. Copper is found in various foods, including nuts, seeds, whole grains, seafood, and organ meats.

2. Absorption in the Gut: Copper is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. The amount absorbed can be influenced by the presence of other dietary factors, such as high zinc intake, which can inhibit copper absorption.

3. Transport in the Bloodstream: Once absorbed, copper binds to proteins, primarily ceruloplasmin, in the bloodstream. This binding is crucial as free copper ions can be toxic.

4. Copper Utilization: Copper is used by various enzymes in the body for essential processes, including energy production, connective tissue formation, iron metabolism, and brain function.

5. Regulation by the Liver: The liver plays a key role in regulating copper levels. It stores excess copper and incorporates it into ceruloplasmin, which is then released back into the bloodstream.

Signals for ceruloplasmin Production:

The adrenals and thyroid hormone are important part of the signaling process to make ceruloplasmin. When our body is chronically stressed and cells are not able to use thyroid hormone, this impacts signaling.

6. Excretion: The body excretes excess copper primarily through bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. A smaller amount is also excreted in urine.

7. Genetic Factors: Proper function of certain genes is crucial. For example, mutations in the ATP7B gene cause Wilson's Disease, leading to copper accumulation.

8. Balanced Interaction with Other Minerals: Maintaining a balance with other minerals like zinc and iron is important, as they can interact with copper metabolism.

If any of these steps are disrupted, it can lead to improper copper metabolism, resulting in deficiency or toxicity. Regular, balanced dietary intake, proper liver function, and healthy adrenal and thyroid hormone function are all important for metabolizing copper which helps with energy metabolism, hormone balance, and fighting infections like fungal and parasitic.